- 08.08 03:02 工商時報蔡惠芳
房市又爆爛尾樓事件，內政部擬限制建商的預售屋預收款項，近期將發函實施。對此建商炮轟，一旦實施形同宣告預售屋走入歷史，甚至置中小建商於困境，連原本體質健康的公司也會被搞到不健康，將重擊國內房市。
建商指出，目前履約保證共有五種方式，包括最常見的「不動產開發信託」與「價金信託」，及較少見的「價金返還保證」、「同業連帶保證」、「公會辦理連帶保證協定」。其中，最常見的是「不動產開發信託」與「價金信託」二種，是由建商和第三方金融或信託機構簽訂信託契約，依工程進度請款，除了專款專用外，並不具有「完工保證」或「價金返還保證」功能；至於對客戶最有利的是「價金返還保證」，建商在交屋前無法動用資金，如未能完工價金會返還給客戶，但建商也最少採用這種方式。
中華民國不動產開發公會全聯會秘書長于俊明表示，內政部擬限縮或禁止建商動用預售屋預收款，指的是可動用專戶資金在興建工程款上的「不動產開發信託」，至於「價金信託」本來就不能動用專戶資金。他指出，內政部如果把「不動產開發信託」這個門給關了，如同斷建商另一條資金鏈，預計將產生三大衝擊效應。
于俊明分析，首先，若預售屋銷售後的預收款都不能動，形同預售制解體；第二，現在在實務上，連建築融資依工程進度撥款都很困難，內政部若加碼限制預收款，將使得目前財務尚稱健康的建商，反而因這紙命令而變得不健康；第三，預售款放信託專戶，若要完工後才能動用，等於爽到信託公司，躺著就可以賺一筆信託專戶的信託費用，但無助於保障消費者權益，甚至還讓內政部圖利信託公司，這是哪門子居住正義？
華固建設總經理洪嘉昇表示，內政部此次擬發函的新制，竟因少數小公司的小案子而因噎廢食，無異藉機打壓建商生存空間，令人無言！如果連用來支付工程款的資金都要受限，豈不是不鼓勵預售制度？但建商若採先建後售，又會面臨囤房稅2.0重稅，難道政府非要把建商全部搞倒，才叫居住正義嗎？
馨傳不動產智庫執行長何世昌表示，內政部若確定實施，將重擊大中小建商，更導致建商預售也不是、不預售更來不及銷售，面臨進退兩難的雙殺壓力。他建議，應該徹底檢討的是預售屋五大保證制度。
何世昌表示，如果要改革預售屋履約保證制度，應該從法源修法，直接修改消保法與預售屋買賣定型化契約範本，修訂五種預售屋履約保證，如此如何限縮動支預售屋專戶內的價金都可以。
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